A Liberation Psychology By Martin Baro - 934 Words

â€Å"Washing one s hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral†(Paulo Freir). Throughout the book Writings for a Liberation Psychology by Martà ­n-Barà ³ mentions a variety of psychology warfare used primary amongst the lower class population in order to have control over them. To what extend can the book Writings for a Liberation Psychology by Martà ­n-Barà ³, be used to establish community organizing or even creating a community in order to hold unity against the variety psychological warfare being used by the oppressors. For instance Dr. Baro, comments â€Å" Simply to assume that every vote has the same meanining is to ignore the mulitiplicity of causes that may lead a person to vote, and the multiplicity of motives that can be hidden behind a vote for a givne party or candidate.† (pg. 71). Through this section of the book, baro is bringing the idea of why people in El salvador feel like they have the right to go out to vote but not control of what votes actually get counted for. For starters the people know for a fact that the voting polls are being riged, however how can they develop consciousness in order to express themselfs towards their own community in order to detain riged polls? Dr. Baro comments on how historical memory could be one of the keys to making changes around you: The hard struggle struggle to satisfy everyday basic needs forces the popular majorities to stay in a here and now without a before

Causes of Air Accidents Free Essays

Air Accident An Air accident is the worst nightmare of every pilot or passenger that has ever ridden in an aircraft. Although air travel is one of the safest forms of transportations, accidents do happen with dramatic and terrifying results. The circumstance of Air accidents takes place by four causes: takeoff and landing, mechanical failures, pilot error, and bad weather. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Air Accidents or any similar topic only for you Order Now One cause of Air accidents take place is during takeoff and landing. Approximately 80 percent of all aviation accidents occur shortly before, after, or during takeoff or landing, and are often described as resulting from â€Å"human error. The causes of Air accident is vary greatly depending on problems that may develop during the flight possess. In many situations these accidents can be completely avoided through careful preparation and effective safety techniques. Taxi and Takeoff is one of the most important parts of a flight. The preflight and planning stages of the operation must be carefully done to prevent accidents and save many lives. Landing Accidents during Descent account for 36 percent of all general Air mishaps and are the most common type of accident. When combined, taxi and takeoff accidents account for about 22percent jet airplane accidents, and about 22percent of all fatalities. Another cause of Air accidents is mechanical failures. No form of transportation is completely safe, and no machine is completely foolproof. Mechanical failure is responsible for 13percent of all commercial airplane accidents. An airplane can crash if engine failure can come in form of simple stalling. It could be as worse as a complete detachment of the motor itself. Many Modern planes have more than one engine and this allows the plane to continue to fly when one is shut down. However, these other cases where all shut at one, or one after the other, and accident occur. Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Tragically, this sometimes applies to Air accidents when mechanical failures occur. A somewhat different cause for Air accidents is a pilot error. When most people make mistakes at their jobs, their employment can be terminated. In contrast, when pilots are negligent or make errors while on their jobs, there is potential for hundreds of lives to be terminated. The pilots receive extensive training designed to prepare them to handle a wide variety of situations, but there are times when fatal mistakes are made. When flight crew and pilots do their jobs correctly, Air accidents are much less likely to occur. Another important cause of Air accidents is bad weather. For example, flying at peak thunderstorm times should be avoided. In addition, flying at night is no safer than flying in the day. The weather caused 4percent of Air accidents. However, other problems made up the remaining 4percent. Most plane crashes happen in the months of September and December. However, no one from any investigation knows almost Air accidents happened in these two months. In conclusion, the circumstance of Air accidents takes place by four causes: takeoff and landing, mechanical failures, pilot errors, and bad weather. Yet many airplane accidents still have unknown causes. How to cite Causes of Air Accidents, Essay examples

Families and the Buying Decision Process †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Families and the Buying Decision Process. Answer: Families form societal institutions that shape how other family members make decisions. Beyond social roles, families have been found to serve a critical role to determine purchase decision making processes among family members and relatives (Polya Sandor, 2013). In fact, families play a significant role in terms of consumer socialization and in the end, this influences how children become consumers. In one of his studies for instance, Polya and Sandor maintain that it forms a framework under which children start learning on different ways to behave as potential consumers, obtain all relevant competencies pertaining to buying and consumption, from which they turn into competent to other consumers. Change of roles among children in families is not a recent thing, but it has been in the air for the past years. It has affected purchase decision making processes among families (Koc, 2004). Children see themselves in the same position as the rest of the family members. In most cases, they gain knowledge concerning what parents do and make a competency decision. Chander Raza (2015) claim that in fact, most children have learnt to become consumers than their counterparts a few decades ago. We can differentiate two different situations that contribute to one making decision in a family: at an individual level and at a group level. When a product is affordable, it might cause any problem and hence, can be bought easily by family members. Nonetheless, in the case that a product has a high value, then several members of the family take part in the decision making with each member taking different roles. This aspect brings out a family as an important component in the decision making process. In one of the studies conducted by Comegys, Hannula and Visnen (2006), the decision making process assumes five key stages. They include recognizing customer needs, searching for information, conducting evaluation, making final decision to purchase the product, and post purchase behaviour. In every part of these stages, families take part in shaping the decisions of their children. Hibi? and Poturak (2016) refer to need recognition as the problem seeking stage. This is when one member of the family sees the difference between the state they would like to have and the current actual state. Of course, other factors that play a role include income, family size, education, race, sex, age, and marital status. Information search by customers makes it possible to use a number of techniques and tools in order to collect critical information that shows different products and services already available in stores. A perfect case is an exploratory study conducted by Chander Raza (2015) to understand the extent to which male and female provided information in an electronic decision making process. The study targeted tourists that travelled as a group. The findings revealed that spouses preferred consulting among themselves to gain more information about the services and possible destination points. Similarly, Polya and Sandor (2013) explain that through active information search, children always engage their parents or close relatives to offer information regarding brands, prices, models, and quality, among other critical information. Koc (2004) posit that consumers also receive information through personal sources such as family and friends, experimental sources, public sources, and commercial sources. While commercial sources contribute greatly towards generation of information, Koc, acknowledges that the personal source offers the most effective information. Evaluation of alternatives help consumers in setting rules, cut-off, or attributes concerning product choices available. While these are the most minimum acceptable levels, customers end up using an alternative they perceive as trustworthy. This could be through first-hand experience in consumption of products. Family members and friends have been found to top the list in this category. According to Petkovski and Mirchevska (2013), they are more willing to share their testimonies on product use, cost, and value. Of course, families play a key role in assigning potential consumers reduce the list of alternatives. The Purchase decision comes after a customer has already evaluated available alternatives. Comegys, et al (2006) illustrate that attitude of family members, the community, or friends might put pressure on customers to change their preferences. The second factor might include prices as part of unexpected occurrences. However, what of if these factors fail to have an impact on a customer? This would result in what Comegys, et al refer to as impulse buying. Even after an individual has purchased the product, the purchase process will still go on. Two important factors that always come in the minds of marketers and retailers include post-purchase satisfaction and post-purchase actions. Again, families interact to influence one another to make repurchases or preferences. Marketers might target mothers or newlywed couples to purchase home products. As a group, couples are likely to seek information from one another because of preferences and loyalty. Therefore, it is evident that throughout the five decision making processes, families play significant roles in influencing purchase behaviours. References Chander, S., Raza, M. (2015) Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Comparative Study of Male and Female Users of Electronics, Abasyn University Journal Of Social Sciences, 8(1), 47-61. Comegys, C., Hannula, M., Visnen, J. (2006) Longitudinal comparison of Finnish and US online shopping behaviour among university students: The five-stage buying decision process, Journal Of Targeting, Measurement Analysis For Marketing, 14(4), pp. 336-356. Hibi?, S., Poturak, M. (2016) Impact of a Brand on Consumer Decision-making Process, European Journal of Economic Studies, 17(3), pp. 405-414 Koc, E. (2004) The Role of Family Members in the Family Holiday Purchase Decision-Making Process, International Journal of Hospitality Tourism Administration, 5(2), pp. 85-102 Petkovski, V., Mirchevska, T. P. (2013) The concept of anchoring and psychological pricing in the customer's decision making process, Economic Development (3), pp. 45-56. Polya, E., Sandor, R. (2013) Examining the role of family members in family buying enter in adult Hungarian population, European Scientific Journal, Vol. 19, pp. 1857-7881

Law and Informal Institutions free essay sample

International Business Chapter 2 Review Questions 1. Name the one pillar that supports formal institutions and the two additional pillars that support informal institutions. Answer: Regulatory Pillar that supports formal institutions and other two additional pillars name are Normative Pillar and Cognitive Pillar. Normative pillar refers to how to values, beliefs, and actions- collectively known as norms of other relevant players influence the behavior of focal individuals and firms. Cognitive pillar is the school support for informal institutions. It refers to the internalized values and beliefs that guide individual and firm behavior. 2. How does political risk affect global business? Answer: Managers and firms rationally pursue their interests and make choices within the formal and informal constraints in a given institutional frame work. While formal and informal institutions combine to govern firm behavior, in situations where formal constrains are unclear or fail, informal constrains will play a larger role in reducing uncertainty and providing constancy to managers and firms. We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Informal Institutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Describe the differences among the three types of legal systems. Answer: Three types of legal systems are Civil law, Common Law, and Theocratic Law. Civil Law is a tradition that uses comprehensive statutes and codes as a primary means to form legal judgments. Common law is A legal tradition that is shaped by precedents from previous judicial decisions. Theocratic law is a legal system based on religious teachings. 4. Name and describe the three economic systems. Which economic system is the most common and why? Answer: Three economic systems are Market economy, command economy and Mixed  economy. Market economy is an economy that is characterized by the â€Å"invisible hand† of market forces. Command Economy is an economy in which theoretically all factors of production are state owned and state controlled, and all supply, demand, and pricing are planned by the government. Mixed economy is an economy that has elements of both a market economy and a command economy. 5. In what ways do institutions influence individuals’ and firms’ behaviors? Explain your answer. Answer: Institutions influence the decision-making process of both individuals and firms by signaling what conduct is legitimate and acceptable and what is not. Basically, institutions constrain the range of acceptable actions. 6. What fundamental aspect of democracy is relevant to the effective conduct of global business? Answer: Democracy is a political system in which citizens elect representatives to govern the country on their behalf. Usually the political party with the majority of votes wins and forms a government. Fundamental aspect of democracy that is relevant to global business is an individual’s right to freedom of expression and organization. 7. Name and describe the four types of totalitarianism. Answer: Communist Totalitarianism centers on a communist party. This system was embraced throughout central and eastern Europe and the former soviet union until the late 1980’s. It is still practiced in China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. 8. Give an example of how theocratic law affects daily business operations. Answer: Theocratic law is based on religious techniques. In Saudi Arabia, McDonald’s operates â€Å"ladies only† restaurants in order to comply with the  Koran’s ban on direct, face to face contact between unrelated men and women in public. 9. Name three types of intellectual property, and explain how they could be used in business. Answer: Patents are legal rights awarded by government authorities to inventors of new products or processes. The inventors are given exclusive (monopoly) rights to derive income from such inventions through activities such as manufacturing, licensing, or selling. Copyrights are the exclusive legal rights of authors and publish and disseminate their work, for example the book you are reading now is protected by copyright. Trademarks are the exclusive legal rights of firms to use specific names, brands, and designs to differentiate their products from others. 10. Our current system of intellectual property protection stems from what early patent law? Answer: Couldn’t find it in the book but guessing, most probably it is a civil law?

Free Essays on True Evil

The True Evil Everyone is able to commit evil within every human being on earth. It is how we overcome these urges to use this evil that defines who we are. In Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, â€Å"Frankenstein†, evil is portrayed in many ways through Victor Frankenstein’s actions. The main conflict in the novel is based on the â€Å"monster† Victor Frankenstein created in his laboratory. He neglects his responsibility to the monster he created by ignoring its existence, and his cowardice leads to feelings of guilt and unhappiness that cause his life to unravel and the people he loves to perish. His refusal to be accountable for his action brings the misery and misfortune that constitute the foundation of the novel. As the monster explains how he was tellinsg how he has a difficult time adjusting to his new surroundings and how he was hated by all people he first came in contact with, â€Å"he struggled violently. â€Å"Let me go,† he cried:†monster! Ugly wretch! You wish to eat me and tear me into pieces†(Shelly 136). This proves that every person he encounters thinks that he is going to harm them. The monster also was telling how he learned all about the human experience from simply observing people, how to speak, to read, to write, to be happy, to love. He was talking about these people that he loved in the hope that they could accept him, and how when he introduced himself, he was met with fear and hate, and how he ran away from the people, and how they moved away and left him all alone again. He became bitter to mankind and lost all the love he used to preserve. Frankenstein t went to Geneva, and found William, and killed him, and then framed Justine for the murder. He made a deal with Victor, if the monster would leave the civilized world forever if Victor would only agree to create a female companion for him. Victor had sympathy for the monster, but felt extreme hatred when he was telling the two murders the monster com... Free Essays on True Evil Free Essays on True Evil The True Evil Everyone is able to commit evil within every human being on earth. It is how we overcome these urges to use this evil that defines who we are. In Mary Shelley’s gothic novel, â€Å"Frankenstein†, evil is portrayed in many ways through Victor Frankenstein’s actions. The main conflict in the novel is based on the â€Å"monster† Victor Frankenstein created in his laboratory. He neglects his responsibility to the monster he created by ignoring its existence, and his cowardice leads to feelings of guilt and unhappiness that cause his life to unravel and the people he loves to perish. His refusal to be accountable for his action brings the misery and misfortune that constitute the foundation of the novel. As the monster explains how he was tellinsg how he has a difficult time adjusting to his new surroundings and how he was hated by all people he first came in contact with, â€Å"he struggled violently. â€Å"Let me go,† he cried:†monster! Ugly wretch! You wish to eat me and tear me into pieces†(Shelly 136). This proves that every person he encounters thinks that he is going to harm them. The monster also was telling how he learned all about the human experience from simply observing people, how to speak, to read, to write, to be happy, to love. He was talking about these people that he loved in the hope that they could accept him, and how when he introduced himself, he was met with fear and hate, and how he ran away from the people, and how they moved away and left him all alone again. He became bitter to mankind and lost all the love he used to preserve. Frankenstein t went to Geneva, and found William, and killed him, and then framed Justine for the murder. He made a deal with Victor, if the monster would leave the civilized world forever if Victor would only agree to create a female companion for him. Victor had sympathy for the monster, but felt extreme hatred when he was telling the two murders the monster com...

Construction organisations have adapted themselves to address change Essay

Construction organisations have adapted themselves to address change and the growing complexity of the construction industry.Pre - Essay Example One of the key characteristics of the construction industry is its high complexity; the projects developed across this industry are depended on a series of factors, including technology, climate conditions, suppliers’ and employees’ efficiency and responsibility, local regulation and so on. Therefore, for the firms that operate in the particular industry the full achievement of their goals is a challenging task; in fact, the research on the industry’s characteristics and performance has led to the conclusion that operational and strategic failures are common phenomena in this industry. This issue is discussed in this paper; it is concluded that the above failures can justify the argument that in modern market no single ideal organization can exist. The aspects and the explanation of this argument are presented in this paper referring, as an example, to the challenges and the performance of firms operating in the construction industry. 2. Change and increase of co mplexity in the construction industry - characteristics, responses and consequences - discussion of the premise that there is no single ideal organization. ... The value of the construction industry for economies worldwide cannot be ignored. For example, in USA, one of the most competitive construction markets globally, the value of the construction industry for the domestic product has estimated to 9% - referring to 2005 (Atallah 2006). Despite its size, the construction industry in USA is not well structured – a high fragmentation has been identified; more specifically, most of the industry’s firms are small and operate within their local area – about 2.1 millions of the relevant businesses are self-employed (Atallah 2006). This fact limits the potentials of these firms to face the challenges set by the globalization. The above phenomenon is common in countries worldwide. Firms in the construction industry are usually established and operate in the context of the development of particular construction projects; in many cases, the end of a construction project can set the survival of a construction firm in risk. In oth er words, there is no expansion of the activities or tasks allocated to the employees. Rather, the operation of each construction firm is depended on the successful development of a particular construction project; it is for this reason, that most of firms in this industry are self-employed – the number of employees is low. This trend is reflected in the figures released in the study of Bennett (2003); in accordance with the above study, the construction firms in Italy have been estimated to 482,000 (for 2002), a number extremely high taking into consideration the potential number of construction projects developed across the country/ compared to the country’s size and relevant needs (Bennett 2003). Moreover, in accordance with a

Research Data Analysis (using SPSS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Research Data Analysis (using SPSS) - Essay Example There are many factors that have significant effect on generating managers and successful businesses and organizations. Such factors are related to benchmarks that a company can use to determine if the company has been doing well during the past year or years. The most important of them all is the net income or we can call it by the name turnover. The main purpose for people to put up a business, whether the organization is a partnership, a corporation or even single proprietorship, is to generate net income in order for the business to continue survive for many years. Another benchmark that must be considered is the effect of daily expenses on the net income. When the expenses increase, this will result to a decrease in net income. But when the expenses decrease, the result will be an increase in net income. The chief executive manager in the XXXX Company has indicated that they have problems in staffing. The company is in real need of experienced staff. Staffing is the process of hiring skilled workers and maintaining present skilled workers. Even if the skilled worker is asking and is being paid higher than a newly hired or inexperienced work applicant, the skilled worker will be worth the higher pay because the skilled worker can work faster and create better quality products than newly hired employees. Most customers prefer to buy a high quality product at a higher price because the customers believe that such items will last longer and satisfy the delicate high quality services. One way of lessening expenses is to hire part time staff during peak seasons. It is the time when many customers arrive. In this case, it usually happens during Christmas vacation and other important events. A third benchmark that ought to be taken into account is the increase or decrease in net sales that the company has generated during the past year or years that it has been in business. When the net sales will increase, the net income will also increase. But when the net sales will decrease, the sad result is that the net income will automatically be lesser.To improve the operational and financial aspect of the business some measures that were taken was the training and retraining of employees. This has contributed much to the improved performance of the employees, according to the chief executive manager interviewed. Competitive salaries comparable with the competitors are given to well performing employees to retain their loyalty. Furthermore, annual salary increases based on performance will encourage employees to outperform the benchmarks or quotas agreed upon during general meetings between management and employees affected. Another action that was taken to improve its operating and financial performance was the up to date study of the products, marketing plans and current market share of company's competitors. The study will help much to increase the net income of the company. Another step taken by this executive is to keep a database of present customers. Constant communication with the clients regarding company offers that would satisfy the clients' needs was a priority strategy of the executive here. This has been made