George Orwell – “Shooting an Elephant” (1936)

â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, by George Orwell, is a highly effective piece of non-fiction. Although written about an event many years ago, in a society that no longer exists as it did then, the essay still holds relevance in the ideas it contains. It is how Orwell puts across his views on colonialism and human nature that I intend to investigate. The essay revolves around Orwell recounting an incident which he experienced as a policeman in colonial Burma, in the 1920's. Orwell was called to act when a tame elephant went ‘must' and started ravaging a bazaar, killing one of the indigenous Indians. However, by the time he had located the elephant, the attack seemed to have passed, so there was no need to destroy it. Yet such was the pressure from the local populace, and Orwell's fear of being mocked, that he shot the elephant. When he first introduces himself to the reader, Orwell seems to be a fairly level-headed person, with his self- depreciating tone showing that he doesn't take himself too seriously in the ‘great scheme' of things; drawing the reader to sympathise with him. This sympathy is extended further when the reader is made privy to the ambivalence of Orwell's feelings towards his position in Burma. In direct contrast to the majority of Westerners in the East at that time, Orwell was very conscious of the hypocrisy of his position and conflicting opinions, and found it all â€Å"perplexing and upsetting†. â€Å"Perplexing† because he felt sympathetic towards the Burmese, and was against the Western domination of the colonial territories, and sided with the â€Å"evil thing† that was imperialism. Yet at the same time the Burmese took great delight in treating him like dirt, in petty revenge for their situation – making his job and life hell. These conflicting feelings are echoed in the register and style of Orwell's writing; the high-flowing language of â€Å"Imperialism was an evil thing† contrasts with the slang of â€Å"The sooner I chucked my job†¦the better†, to bring out Orwell's intense dislike of his duties, doing the â€Å"dirty work† of the â€Å"Empire†. Yet despite the highly emotive language used to describe his job, the â€Å"wretched prisoners† and â€Å"intolerable† sense of guilt, Orwell still found himself hating the Burmese. The sheer pettiness of the â€Å"evil spirited little beasts†, their cumulative bitterness making it impossible for him to help them, led to a feeling that it â€Å"would be the greatest joy in the world† to â€Å"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist Priest's guts†. Even the word choice and sentence structure indicate the extent to which Orwell was in two minds about the Burmese; the contrast between the â€Å"British Raj as an unbreakable tyranny†¦ in soecula soeculorum† – lapsing into Latin, formal language – with the informality of â€Å"drive a bayonet into a Buddhist Priest's guts†. In addition, the sentence structure adds to this idea of being pulled in two directions; the differing statements are separated by a semi-colon, balancing the one against the other, neither dominant. Once the extent of his feelings towards the job and the Burmese have been established, Orwell starts to recount the incident involving the elephant. Originally Orwell introduces it as a â€Å"tiny thing† in itself, using understatement and irony to begin the narrative. He first refers to it as something which â€Å"in a roundabout way† was â€Å"enlightening†. Yet at the same time, ‘it' was an insight for him into the â€Å"real motives for which despotic governments act†. Human nature and the reasons for our society's structure – not important? However, after this hidden intensity, Orwell then continues in a fairly congenial manner, of how he was informed – through polite, unstressed telephone call – that there was an elephant gone ‘must' and escaped, and â€Å"would I please come and do something about it?† At which point Orwell does go out â€Å"to see what was happening† – but out of curiosity, not duty. When a list of things that the elephant has done is presented, some of them fairly serious, they are ordered in such a way as to make them seem irrelevant, through anti-climax. Rather than working his way through progressively more serious offences, Orwell begins the list with destroying someone's house, killing a cow†¦ then working ‘down' to stealing some fruit – and finally, overturning the rubbish bin van and â€Å"inflicted violences† on it. The hyperbole of â€Å"inflicted violences†, the exaggerated anti-climax, leads to a light-hearted, unstressed mood. However, at this point Orwell constructs the first of several pivotal points in the narrative, bringing about an abrupt contrast in mood. At the beginning of this paragraph, Orwell is unsuccessfully searching for the elephant, and even beginning to doubt its existence, starting with â€Å"questioning†¦ failed to get any definite information†¦ vaguer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  until the existence of any elephant was denied. Yet then this carefully constructed conclusion is shattered by the painful death of a Coringhee native Indian, ground into the mud by the elephant. To add to the effect of this sudden seriousness and shock, Orwell uses extremely emotive imagery and word choice to detail the obvious pain of man's death. With the description of â€Å"arms crucified† there is the connotations of one of the most excruciating deaths; being crucified. Also, this idea would have been imaginable to a primarily Christian Britain of 1936, when Orwell wrote the essay. A British readership would also have been able to conceive what the man's back looked like, as Orwell describes the friction from the elephant's foot as having â€Å"stripped the skin from his back as neatly as one skins a rabbit†. Most Britons of the time would have prepared, or seen prepared, a rabbit skinned and cooked, so this imagery brought a potentially unimaginable event to an understandable level. It is at this point that Orwell goes on to work through the implications and factors behind shooting the elephant, and upon discovering the creature, apparently calm and past it's attack of ‘must', he decides not to shoot it. Elephants were expensive to buy, keep and train, and as such, worth a lot of money alive – dead, they were worth only the value of their tusks. In addition to the financial complications, the elephant no longer seemed to be a danger; away from people, â€Å"peacefully eating† in a field – there was no need to shoot it. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, Orwell himself did not want to shoot the elephant; a moral choice, that he felt it was ‘wrong'. However, throughout this decision making process, Orwell was becoming increasingly conscious of the growing crowd of Burmese at is heels; and this became another pivotal point in the passage. Initially Orwell mentioned feeling â€Å"vaguely uneasy† about the growing size of the crowd, intensifying to â€Å"looking and feeling like a fool†. He describes the crowd as looking at him as a â€Å"conjuror about to perform a trick†. The ‘magician', the centre of attention, if not the object of respect, at a show, usually with an audience half hoping he will fail; clear parallels to Orwell, surrounded by the mocking Burmese. Perhaps the comparison is also apt because many people – especially in the time when Orwell was writing – view those who work in the ‘occult' as not having a proper job, aren't really important at all, despite the glitter and attention. Mere amusement for others – an echo of British colonialism? Orwell's growing feeling of helplessness is summed up in the theatrical language and imagery which he uses in this point in the passage. He refers to himself as â€Å"seemingly the leading actor of the piece†¦ in reality, I was only an absurd puppet†. Puppets have no control over the actions they act out – inanimate, passive, subjected to the will of the puppeteer. Who's actions, in turn, are dictated by the audience – else how could the puppeteer survive, without a livelihood? Similarly, it was the will of the crowd that was beginning to control Orwell's actions – a puppet. This image is then furthered by Orwell drawing parallels to a â€Å"Hollow, posing dummy†, holding many of the same connotations, posed into the positions that its owner or dresser dictate. No choice, subjugated to the will of others completely. This position which Orwell find himself in is summed up in his chilling conclusion; â€Å"I perceived at this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom he destroys†. Seemingly paradoxical, for a â€Å"tyrant†, by definition, sacrifices others freedom for personal gain – so why should they lose freedom as a result? Yet in the context of Orwell, and Britain's situation at this time, the concept begins to make sense. Once people expect a given set of actions or set behaviour, the ‘peer pressure' can compress those it is aimed at into the mould; so British citizens in the colonies, including Orwell, ended up losing their freedom as individuals, in order to conform to stereotypes they otherwise might not have followed. In Orwell's case, having sent for the rifle, the Burmese expect him to use it, else seem weak and indecisive – and â€Å"my whole life, every white man's life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at†. The ultimate sign of derision – laughter. The only other option for Orwell was to walk up to within 25-odd yards of the elephant, and see if it charged him; if not, then he had proved the attack of ‘must' had passed, and would be justified in the eyes of the Burmese in not shooting the creature. However, if still in ‘must' then the elephant would charge Orwell – and at that distance, he would only get one chance to shoot before being trampled into the earth in the same painful death the Coringhee Indian had experience. Yet it is not the pain that Orwell was so anxious to avoid, but the fact that such a death would be incredibly humiliating – and â€Å"if that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. Tha t would never do.† It is this that led Orwell to conclude â€Å"There was only one alternative. I shoved the cartridges into the magazine and lay down on the road to get a better aim.† This paragraph is clearly another pivotal section; previously Orwell had thought he was the one in control of the situation, and could therefore follow a logical train of reasoning to decide not to shoot the elephant; yet is here that he realises he does not control his own actions. All Orwell cares about at this point is saving face in front of the ‘natives' – realises this obsession, and doesn't care, so deeply is he concerned with the idea of being laughed at. This leads to the true climax of the narrative – the shooting of the elephant. By this point the author skilfully manipulates the word choice and language to convey how, when the bullet hits, a â€Å"mysterious, terrible change came over the elephant.† Previously the creature had been tall and strong, full of life and power; now he seemed â€Å"stricken, shrunken, immensely old†¦paralysed† – the impression of life seeping away with such speed that the elephant was left reeling in shock at the alteration, not ‘merely' the pain of the bullets. The sheer force of language shows the intense pain of the elephant's drawn out death; from the â€Å"frightful impact of the bullet†¦ agony†¦ jolt his whole body† until the creature finally â€Å"collapsed†, to lie with â€Å"tortured breathing†¦gasps†. The implications behind â€Å"tortured† are clear, yet there is also the angle of the guilt Orwell felt coming through here; â€Å"tortured† implies a deliberate act inflicted on the undeserving, as Orwell had inflicted his fears on the elephant. Yet despite – or perhaps because of – this guilt, Orwell still seems to convey a strange sort of dignity to the elephant's death; as it lay there, â€Å"Powerless to move and yet powerless to die†. He was dying, yes, an excruciatingly drawn out death, yet he seemed to be â€Å"in some world remote from here† – there is a surreal quality to Orwell's description of the death and dignity of the beast, removed in some way from this world. The elephant is in direct and superior contrast to Orwell's frantic efforts to kill it and end its suffering, and the Burmese as they swarmed around the body, stripping the flesh and hide even before it was dead, while it lay there, passively accepting the pain and death. Orwell also highlights his reaction to this change, first of his frantic activity, then, in the face of his inability to help the creature he had fatally wounded, his intense guilt. He writes of how â€Å"In the end I could not stand it any longer and went away†; the overwhelming guilt at having caused such pain merely to avoid being laughed at, and then his underlying guilt at ‘running away'. Looking back on the events of this incident, which occurred ten years previous to Orwell writing the passage, it is clear that Orwell's own opinion of his actions is not a positive one. This feeling of self-discrimination and regret is brought out in his extended description of the elephant's death, portraying it as possessing a quiet dignity; while portraying his younger self as ‘unworthy' and weak, uncertain in himself as to who he really is, or what he believes in. It is this disgust that Orwell tries to instil in his readers, towards his actions. After the death of the elephant, he writes how â€Å"I was very glad that the Coolie had been killed; it put me legally in the right and gave me a sufficient pretext for shooting the elephant.† Seemingly uncaring as to the death of the ‘Coolie' – through this shock tactic, attempting to persuade others to condemn him as Orwell condemns himself. Orwell even goes so far as to make several racist comments – even though the author of 1936 was not racist, and his younger self only conforming to the accepted mould of his times, in order to survive – to prompt the reader to judge him harshly. With his extended, detailed description of the elephant's death, Orwell condemns his own actions, in a tone of bitterly ironic self-derision. Orwell might seem to be being racist in the last paragraph, but in fact, this racism is dramatised to show just how integral to the colonial system it was. Orwell is not excusing, or even denying the fact that he was racist while in Burma. The point is that, in his descriptions of his younger self as â€Å"young and ill-educated† – ironic, as he attended Eton – he was forced to â€Å"think out (his) problems in the utter silence that is imposed upon every Englishman in the East†. Expensive education had failed to prepare him for real life, so Orwell resorted to the customs and conventions of his peer grouping, or risk complete isolation from society. In the final paragraph, Orwell puts forward two arguments concerning his reasons for shooting the elephant. When he talks about being â€Å"legally in the right† in shooting a creature that could be mad and a danger, it seems as if Orwell is going to use a deontological reasoning. He was following the law, and his actions were required by virtue of his position, so he morally did the ‘right' thing. The other approach to an argument for a set of actions, rather than the backwards looking deontological reasoning, is the forward looking consequentialist approach, of the ends justifying the means. However, it is in the last sentence that Orwell shatters all charade of having been following a deontological reasoning; â€Å"I often wondered whether any of the others grasped that I had done it solely to avoid looking a fool†. When Orwell states that he was â€Å"very glad† that the man had been killed by the elephant, in that through it he could ‘justify' his preservation of ‘dignity', it might seem callous to some. Yet this desperation, this willingness to sacrifice anything also elicits a sort of sympathy in the reader, at how pathetic the situation has become – perhaps reflective of the mixed feelings of contempt and pity that the Orwell of 1936 seems to feel towards his younger self. There are several possible themes to this essay; the condemnation of the colonial system – perhaps seemingly without significance in today's post-colonial world. Yet there are possible parallels to modern day ‘superpowers' and dictatorships, conforming to stereotypes, unwilling to back down from, say, war, for fear of changing perceptions. People still discriminate, still conform to other's standards against their will. There is also the idea that if you hate an enemy viciously enough, you demean yourself to the same level as them. Even if originally ‘justifiably angry', following reasonable logic, in hatred, you degenerate into conforming to the same behavioural patterns as your enemies; hatred contaminates. Orwell himself is an example of this; he seemed reasonably level headed, yet as his hatred for the Burmese grew, he gradually degenerated to similar levels of cruelty. Perhaps because he was formed by their perceptions, and the Burmese seemed to have had a cru el streak in them – which coloured their expectations? Either way, it is clear that while world situations have changed radically, there are still many relevant issues that are demonstrated in Orwell's â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†. Perhaps it would be fair to say that it is not so much Orwell's views on Colonialism that are shown in this essay, but his uncannily accurate observations of human nature.

English and International Integration Essay

International integration is a process by which countries remove barriers to trade freely and absorb new technology, new culture†¦ outside national borders. In the integration period, English is considered a bridge linking countries together. Nowadays, nearly 4 billion people all over the world use English as their first or second languages. Fluency in English has become an indispensable skill in the context of economic integration today. In my opinion, English not only helps you to extend the scope of communication but it also brings you many other benefits. Firstly, mastering English allows people to be kept informed of the latest news about fashion , sports, science or politics. For example; 80% of the Websites on the Internet in English and popular Newsletters on TV like BBC or CNN in English. You can update the newest fashion style of the week, the hottest news about a football match at the World Cup or the latest information of the upcoming Iphone. That’s why you easily become fashionable as long as you use English. Secondly, English offers you great chances for career promotion. Thanks to the International integration, many foreign companies have invested in our countries. They also join Vietnamese companies to do business. So English competence is the priority for big companies to hire staffs as well as considering employees for higher positions. Although there’s no official statistics on the correlation between English proficiency and wages, it’s pretty clear that the oppotunities always open wider for English candidates. Therefore, learning English is very important in the age of integration .And I don’t hesitate to share some tips on English learning with you . 1. Spend at least one hour everyday listening to news or discussion programs such as CNN news or BBC news. It’s hard to understand what they are saying when you first begin to listen to them, but gradually you’ll get used to the speed and tone. Then you can get a brief idea of what they are talking about, although you can’t get all the details. 2. Watch some English TV and listen to some English radio. TV and radio are the best and most inexpensive teachers to learn real English. Not only you can learn formal English from  news or debate TV programs, but you can also learn everyday English from soap operas, cartoons or comedies. 3. Spend more than two hours every day on reading English news or articles. Reading builds up your vocabulary, idioms, phrases, and the concepts of English structures. If you do enough reading, it will save you a lot of time since you won’t need to spend more time on building your vocabulary or grammar. Read out loud when you do your reading to improve your pronunciation at the same time. 4. Make some pen pals or native-English friends and write to them at least once everyday. The best way to improve your writing is to practice writing as much as you can. The more you write the more you know how to use what you’ve learned from reading and listening. 5. Make friends with speakers. This is the most difficult task because of the difference in culture, but you can’t really master English unless you can have good conversations with an American or Briton. Remember to ask a lot of questions to keep the conversation going. When someone asks you a question, give more than just basic information. For example, if someone asks you â€Å"Do you like living here?† don’t just answer â€Å"Yes† or â€Å"No,† but tell them why, too. 6. Think in English. Getting used to using English all the time will make it easier to listen and react with it. Follow these small tips can make it easier for you to learn English. In conclusion, eventhough English has already played an important role in our lives since Viet Nam was a full member of the WTO. This, may somehow, affect Vietnamese. But to catch up with the speed of the world’s development, we need to take the risk, learning English as much as we can, and not forgetting to keep the beauty of Vietnamese.

Demography and Bioethics

Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic human population, that is, one that changes over time or space. Populations can change through three processes: fertility, mortality, and migration. Fertility involves the number of children that women have and is to be contrasted with fecundity Bioethics is the study of moral issues in fields of medical treatment and research, brought about by advances in biology and medicine. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, and philosophy. Overpopulation is too many people in one space, is a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. Once we recognize the fact that overpopulation is a problem and that increasing standards of living around the world will add to our resource-use and pollution-management challenges, it's tempting to start thinking that disease, poverty, and premature death are unfortunate but necessary. We must resist any such temptation and work toward better solutions. We should: * continue to strive to reduce suffering by combating disease and poverty around the world; * continue to improve resource efficiency and pollution control so that standards of living can rise without negative impact; and * Keep human population to numbers that are sustainable. On the population front, that means: * making sure people around the world have access to family planning services; * empowering women in developing countries economically, socially, and legally in a manner that results in them having an equal say (with their husbands) in reproductive decisions; * modifying school curricula to include information on population levels and implications for the future; * Reforming tax laws in a way that encourages couples to have no more than two children. (They would still be able to have as many kids as they want, but the tax code would no longer subsidize more than two.) People are a good thing, but population growth without limit is not. The US and all developed countries should reinvigorate their international efforts to slow population growth. The future of the world depends on it!

Acuscan Critical Thinking Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Acuscan Critical Thinking Case Study - Essay Example Using the Wilson Marketing data as the basis for the product development and its features, Pat and Cliff insisted that the product had to be delivered. âž ¢Using the company profit reports, Pat and Cliff insisted that the prevailed opportunity for the company to launch a new product was the only chance. âž ¢Pat and Cliff use the profit reports to focus on potential new product development rewards even when the budget for the new product demanded an additional 15% cut across the board. âž ¢ Kelly’s external redesign had merits to the company and the customers since it offered them a less obtrusive design. Data suggested that such a move would satisfy the unmet customer needs. AcuScan 11 could be made by improving only one feature of the existing product thus mirroring Pat’s argument about the iScanner 1.1 (UOP, 2003). However, the AcuScan 1.1 could have been improved and build upon the existing reputation and quality recognition. Question 7 âž ¢ Competitors have entered the marketplace (Paul & Elder, 2006)âž ¢Dissimilar expectations about profits, brand, quality and competition coexist within numerous departments. âž ¢ Kelly’s department now earns the most money for the company because of its role in service. âž ¢ Kelly’s department would be responsible for the new product development. âž ¢Pat, Cliff and Chris needed to consider that Kelly’s department had suffered budget cuts and staff reductions.Question 8  Despite the numerous challenges that the company was going through, there was still a room for improvement.  

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Western Society - Essay Example For instance, the creation of unions such as the National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies which advocated for peaceful approaches (Harrison, 2012). At the time most people, especially men, were opposed to the groups citing the inferior nature of women in the society. The role of the woman at the time was limited to the household setting where they played a lesser role to that of women (Harrison, 2012). From this perspective, the women right to vote was not considered as an option. In addition, women in support of the movement groups were viewed as rebellious and morally and ethically wrong. As technology advanced, the perception on war was based on the assumption that the better a country was technologically equipped with weapons, the more likely they were to win the war. This was a shift from the preference of the proper use of military action. For instance, the invention of nuclear weapons changed the perspective of war (Hopkins, 2007). A country well supplied with nuclear weapons could easily match any conventional military action. For this reason, many countries sort to align themselves with the best and deadliest nuclear weapons. In addition, nations with the resources to develop nuclear weapons were the only parties to enjoy its benefits. Consequently, these changes increased the aims and objectives of imperialism. Rich and more technological advanced nations were able to control and command poor nations. On most occasions, poor nations feared instances of war which they knew they could lose. For instance, the technology available for the United States and the So viet Union increased their global superiority reign (Hopkins, 2007). The escalation of the cold war was in three phases. The first phase began two years after the end of the Second World War. The USSR ensured it controlled states in Eastern Europe while the United States created a global strategy to minimize the significance of the soviets. The U.S supported countries in Western

Industrialization After the Civil War Final Paper Coursework

Industrialization After the Civil War Final Paper - Coursework Example Machines were a major part of nearly all production processes. The new railway system which covered most parts of the country helped in the distribution of goods and services all over the country in a more efficient manner. From this invention of a nationwide network of rail, entrepreneurs and inventors were able to introduce new products into the market. (Backer, 2014). The following are the main events that have transitioned to take place after the civil war. A shift from hand labor to machine work, invention of new chemical and iron production processes, improved generation of hydro power and changed from wood to biofuels and later to use of coal. Industrialization also comes with about with some social effects to the communitythat mainly involves the population suffering from severe reduction in their shared living standards in general. Theseare as a result of the fact that there is demand of labor.There are few slots of work, and the salaries these people will get will becheapand these give rise to a decrease in their living standards thus resulting to the emergence of places like slums. During the second half of the 19th century when there was construction of the railway and widening of industries, the growth of metropolitan areas appears to develop at an accelerated rate which promotes mechanization. (Kindleberger, 1993) After the growth of industries and improved rates of manufacturing, the nation in general experienced the appearance of cities and a significant commitment to wage labor. At some time, slavery expansion and a strain in society culture are also felt,therefore, the most affected groups or people in the industrial revolution happened to the following people, farmers, planters and slakes. More of these people were forced to the ranks of labor that are available in the industries. Many of these people got prosperity and due to the changes they shifted to the middle class of the economic level. The industrialization age may seem like a

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resources Management - Essay Example Due to the shift in demand of employees, the countries with fairly flexible wage had transformed into those with low relative wages. Almost 70% of U.S. employees’ demand had shifted in manufacturing industry from less skilled employees to high skilled employees. Globalization had affected the prices of employee wages. Trade flow among countries gave rise to change in demand for employees because the requirement for more employees in profitable sector had increased and these changes in demand led to increase in employees’ wages (Swagel & Slaughter, 1997). The globalization had affected the demand elasticity of employees. The higher receptiveness of employees’ demand had changed the relative cost of employees (Bruno & Et. Al., 2004). Outsourcing and its effect on wages Globalization influences outsourcing and it affects the wages of labor. For example, the following figure shows the relative wages of the employees in US manufacturing industry. Source: (Feenstra, 20 07). From the above graph, it can be viewed that the relative wages was in declining stage from the year 1960 to 1980. The reason for this decline in relative wages of employees is that the globalization had increased the supply of experienced graduate students from different countries and thus the skilled employees were forced to shift into non – production professions (Feenstra, 2007). Outsourcing model The value chain of a company involves works like that of manufacturing of products. The manufacturing activity needs lesser skilled labors and more unskilled labors compared to marketing and research and development activities. For this reason, companies always want to outsource manufacturing activities to other countries where they can find unskilled labor with lower wages. The following figure shows the outsourcing pattern of value chain of a company (Feenstra, 2007). Source: (Feenstra, 2007). Globalization had helped to outsource the production and manufacturing activitie s to be accomplished by unskilled labor force. For this reason, the activities in the left side of A in the above figure are those which are accumulated from overseas countries and activities of right side of B are those which are undertaken in home country. Globalization had liberalized the trade agreement among countries that led to improve the infrastructure of foreign company. The outsourcing leads to accomplish the works of left side of A at abroad. The activities which are performed at home country need more skilled employees. This is the reason for raise in relative wages for skilled employees in home country. On the other hand, the relative wages of foreign country also increased because certain activities between A and B requires more skilled labor than the activities at the left side of A. For this reason the relative demand of skilled employees had increased in foreign country, which led to increase in relative wages of skilled employees in foreign country (Feenstra, 2007 ). Globalization & Competition between Workers Globalization is associated with the process of integrating international market into a single market. It encompasses goods, services, capital, and technology and labor market. The governments of many

Following a Dream of Business Analyst Career Path Essay - 18

Following a Dream of Business Analyst Career Path - Essay Example Data from different sources within and outside the firm can be integrated thereby keeping the business up-to-date with regards to its performance as well as opportunities and threats prevailing in the operating environment. Information systems also assist in decision making as they are used in the development of strategic plans. Information systems are used in analyzing data from different sources such as market trends thereby strengthening the evaluation of competency and eminence of a firm’s strategic decisions. They also support business processes such as the elimination of unnecessary repetitive activities to enhance accuracy as well as assigning rights to particular individuals with the requisite competencies by use of passwords. Information systems are also applied in project planning, execution and monitoring to ensure that they are accomplished within the accepted criteria. Computer communication is one of the important concepts that are significant in the job of a business analyst. I am a good communicator with excellent facilitation and analytical skills as well as a good team player, which are requisite in the business analyst career. Systems engineering concepts are useful in developing the desired resourcefulness for different business functions including technology, business processes, and finance among others, which is important in bridging the gap between organizational systems from the client to practical execution of technical solutions. Business case development is an important concept that equipped me with the skills that are necessary to identify opportunities where information systems can be applied to enhance firm operations and processes. Modeling techniques and methods are necessary as the job involves designing or modifying business information systems to improve performance. I

Hospital Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Hospital Marketing - Assignment Example For a manufacturer of an infusion pump therapy kit for use in hospitals, personal selling or advertisement would help in informing the hospitals the advantages of using the equipment over other related equipment, the cost at which the kit would be sold at to the hospital allowing the hospital to save more than it could have spent on other related equipment and the advantages that the hospital would receive in terms of supply of the item that would not have been received with other items. In a nutshell, personal selling would convince the hospital to purchase more of the equipment, hence increasing the general sales of the equipment. Considering post-purchase role of promotion, for a busy hospital emergency room, a company can offer to make issue out certain items for free for every patient who will purchase a particular item used in the emergency sector of the hospital. May be if the company is selling bandages, it could issue free dressing cotton to the clients who shall have made their purchases from the company. To make a good advertisement on the physical rehabilitation program, there is need for a larger budget. This is because, to reach the targeted clients, much needs to be done. One would want to target drug addicts, to ensure that the target group is met, there are various programs that are required to be included in the advertisement in order to attract such kind of people. In the advertisement, there would be a step by step explanation of how drug addiction may ruin someone’s life then they will have to learn. Before deciding to use the medium, the program director needs to consider whether the targeted persons also read this newspaper, the coverage space of the program in the newspaper and other more effective means of advertisements that would reach the targeted clients than the newspaper.   The newspaper may be having the best circulation, however, may be the targeted persons might not be able to access and read it.  

Film, Fashion and Food in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Film, Fashion and Food in India - Essay Example The paper "Film, Fashion and Food in India" discovers the Indian fashion, food and film. The Indian film industry encompasses other language film industries because of the high number of languages spoken by most Indians hence most portions of the Indian film industry are fragmented. Although Bollywood leads India in the production of the film, its specialty is mainly Hindu movies other regions such as Chennai that was formally known as Madras produces films in Tamil and Kolkata is the Bengali movie capital. English, Hindu, and Urdu are among the popular languages in most Bollywood movies where you find an amalgamation of these languages in a single film be it a dialog, soundtracks or subtitles. Of significance however in these Indian films is the art of music that makes the films typically musicals that have catchy music interwoven in the script. Typically the plot of the Indian films is always melodramatic with features like unlucky lovers, love triangles, sacrifice, family attachme nts, devious villains, crooked politicians, and kidnappers, courtesans with golden hearts, theatrical rehearsals of destiny, opportune coincidences and siblings estranged by fate. However, the pattern is changing with the industry advancing to the production of technically advanced films with hilarious stunts in line with global changes in the movie industry. The major part of the creative isolation of early Indian cinema and development of their rules largely differ from the rest of worldly film.

Determinism and the benefits of Taylors theory Essay Example for Free

Determinism and the benefits of Taylors theory Essay In Metaphysics Richard Taylor outlines the different views on the concept of freedom. The traditional view is that of the compatibilists which states that freedom is the ability to act, or not to act, according to the determinations of the will. It is so defined to make it compatible with the theory of determinism, which essentially states that all actions have a causal explanation due to the state of the world in the moment previous. However, the definition is clearly inadequate due to the fundamental flaws of determinism and its failure to account for deliberation or personal choice. A superior alternative is offered by what Taylor calls the theory of agency, but is more commonly known as libertarianism. In discussing a theory one must start with some data in order to prove the validity of the theory, and in discussing determinism this is no different. Two suitable criteria dealing with the decision making process are: firstly that we at times deliberate with the view of making a decision , and secondly regardless of whether I deliberate I sometimes have a personal choice in the decision making process. These criteria are ideal because they are both things that we as individuals are fairly certain of so any acceptable theory must account for them in some way. For common sense, a virtue in argumentation, suggests that it is easier to accept the veracity of partial self-determination in the decision making process than an abstract philosophical theory. To asses the applicability of the data to determinism a more in depth examination of determinism is needed, which Taylor defines as having three tenets: Firstly, that the theory of determinism is true. Secondly, that voluntary behaviour is free unless constrained, and finally that causes of voluntary behaviour are certain states, condition, decisions, and desires. The principle problem of determinism is precisely this last tenet, for what are the causes of the inner states that cause my actions? Where do they come from? Are they under my control? If determinism is true then the problem of infinite causality arises for the causes of the actions must themselves have causes. When applied to the two original data the infinite causality of determinism  renders these data false. Take deliberation as an example. I can deliberate only about future actions, but there are always causes to everything I do making the outcome of the deliberation inevitable and the process itself irrelevant. The incompatibility of determinism and deliberation does not bode well for the second datum, as if I am to have a personal choice in an action then I must be able to concretely execute any of the options associated with the action. But if determinism is true there can again only be one option due to the chain of causes thus negating the option of personal choice. A better theory, one that incorporates these two essential data is what Taylor calls the theory of agency, but is more commonly known as libertarianism, which postulates that human beings are frequently, but not always, self-determining beings. To further understand the theory of agency and thus its advantages it is first necessary to examine how it deals with the causation of actions. If an individual is relatively free in his decision making it follows that the individual agent can be considered a cause for the resulting action. For example, if I move my hand then the obvious cause of the motion is me and not some infinite series of causes. The lack of such a sequence of causes, unlike the one put forward by determinism, is an advantage for it allows the theory of agency to be rid of the problems of determinism discussed above. Moreover this allows libertarianism to incorporate the two criteria originally put forth. Under libertarianism deliberation becomes not just possible, but quite logical as it makes sense to ponder a matter over which I have control of the outcome. Then obviously, if I am at least a partially self-determining entity then I have a fair amount of personal choice in what course of action I should pursue. Aside from avoiding the problems of determinism, perhaps libertarianisms greatest advantage is its common sense appeal. For example, if I am considering whether to order a Big Mac for lunch or a McChicken, it makes much more sense to me that through deliberation I can choose which sandwich I would like to eat, rather than the existence of some infinite chain of events that pre-determines that I will eat a Big Mac. It is of course necessary to acknowledge that common sense and simplicity are not absolute truths, but as Bertrand Russell wrote, in support of common sense,  in The Problems of Philosophy, Since this belief [in the existence of physical objects] does not lead to any difficulties, but on the contrary tends to simplify and systemize our account of our experiences, there seems no good reason for rejecting it. (Russell, 24) While Russell was addressing another problem the logic of common sense he applied most definitely applies to the case at hand as well. As a concluding argument in favour of libertarianism consider, the very fact of reading and grading this essay. If determinism were true then this essays grade would have long been pre-determined by a series of causes stretching back to before its very creation thus rendering useless the whole process. Texts Cited Russell, B. Problems of Philosophy. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. Taylor, R. Metaphysics. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993

Geography Study Chart Places and Regions Essay Example for Free

Geography Study Chart Places and Regions Essay Studying the World Regions and Places units in your course Many students find the course content on world regions, countries, and places to be some of the most challenging material to learn. The combination of student unfamiliarity with the world regions and the large volume of information to be learned can be overwhelming. To help you organize your studies, keep in mind WGU’s intention behind this course, which is for competent students to have a strong grasp of the major human and physical geographic conditions that interact to shape our world. When you are studying world region, we want you to emphasize the 1) â€Å"big picture† of the geographic conditions in each world region, 2) the major countries of that region, and 3) how that region relates to the rest of the world. Creating a consistent framework for studying each world region may help you retain the knowledge you need to be successful in this course aspect. We recommend trying to identify the 2-3 most significant / most important physical, cultural, economic, and political characteristics that exist within each world region. We do not guarantee that you are only tested on those features, but the process of identifying the most significant characteristics from the broader range of information about each world region is an excellent study strategy that also will ensure you leave our course with a strong, general knowledge of the major geographic conditions around the world. You are welcome to use the grid, below, to help organize your study material.

Analysis of the Strength Based Model of Healthcare

Analysis of the Strength Based Model of Healthcare People with Diagnosis of Mental Health and Disability Strength based model Strength based practice is a way to deal with bolster that has an in number concentrate on the recognizable proof of individuals capacities, hobbies and abilities and on their qualities and potential. Qualities construct practice is to a great extent established with respect to the work of Charles Rapp from the United States who established the qualities show in connection to case service inside of the psychological well-being division. It is a critical way to deal with directing needs appraisal and service coordination in light of the fact that: †¢ It is an enabling way to deal with options which have verifiably focus around shortfalls and issues inside of families or individuals requiring backing. In strength construct approach with respect to the qualities and capacities of the individual. †¢ It maintains a strategic distance from the utilization of defaming, marking or accusing dialect. †¢ It makes trust inside of individuals and their families by concentrating on what is at present effective or has been fruitful in the past for them. †¢ It concentrates on individuals capacities and versatilities and spots them in the master position all alone objectives, aspirations and answers for troublesome circumstances. †¢ The expert support worker is put in the part of accomplice and aide. †¢ It catches (frequently surprisingly) the constructive things in a man and the individuals surroundings that can serve as a begin for positive changes. †¢ Individuals and their families are more occupied with a procedure where they feel they are a critical part, not just a beneficiary of others administration. †¢ Groups are seen as an essential wellspring of assets as opposed to obstructions or hindrances to succeed. Working with a qualities point of view obliges staff to have the capacity to: †¢ Show duty to the thought that all individuals can learn, develop and roll out positive improvement for themselves and their families. †¢ Give coherence of bolster and aggregate acknowledgement of the person. †¢ Concentrate on whats solid not Strength: Strength based model helps them to expand the capacity to manage issues and get positive solutions. The strength of strength based models is to help a population of persons with mental sickness to make the move from organized consideration to autonomous living. Strength based model expand the potential in the patient to connect with themselves. The strength builds the capacity and feeling of ampleness inside of the people with disability and mental problems and helps they get the opportunity to acknowledge a best or opportunity in their life. It concentrates on the capable getting on the being by comprehensive an advantage based access to propel the energy in them. It helps the incapacitated people to delegate them in and engages them to do copious for themselves after others offer assistance. It also permits them to plot for themselves and to demonstrate their selves in the society. It empowers to be actualized by the standard of the model which is concentrating on helping the patie nt to use his or her strength and opportunity and resources as the vehicle for gaining required assets. Weakness The weakness is that if there is excessively concentrating on the strength, issues may be avoided. Individuals additionally will be unable to address some new thoughts or roll out improvements if they perform all alone strengths. The strength based model may not be design for individual/families that acknowledge two investigation of handicap and mental health needs with carefully or at top accident agency that could progress to youthful ill-use or dependence. It builds the inactive limits furious into the a priorism of change and not the desires of unique individual. The measure of predominant based arrangement shows the brake which described the proficiency of the people with disarranges to yield an assimilation in the gathering. It can as well prematurely end people that acknowledge double analysis anomalous with unlikely aim. Assessment: Strength based assessment in respect to the patients with disability and mental health needs are rely on the individual strength and ability, aspirations, and goals they have inside in. Utilize strength Evaluation which is an instrument to help the patients to investigate in an all holistic, positive way then again strength, resources and aspiration to find out individual disability, to offer assistance access assets in the group that will help with the consummation of recuperation focused goals. The strength evaluation will test into the diverse regions of a mans life, for example, day by day living, financial, social, profound and recreational topics. It will help to recognize and clear up what is going on at this moment, what has happened in the past with respect to these diverse topics, and how to make a dream for the future. The quality based model was produced to prompt the professionals in a more extensive activity of dependably cartoon on quality. Utilizing the structures con centrated on qualities and shortcomings supports an all encompassing and offset of the qualities and issues of an alone with double investigation of incapacities and mental heath necessities. The qualities access is to be something that totally aides and impacts our persuade it ought to be aphoristic in the accent of connections with the people they serve, the accent of service, aggregation and definitive collaborations, and record other activities. Planning The evaluation will help to distinguish particular goals. Utilizing these we will draw up an Individual Arrangement with the individual we are supporting. An Individual with mental health and disability, arrangement helps separate huge objectives into little achievable steps furthermore, to share a few responsibility between the client and support worker. The little steps are the investigation of past, frequently overlooked individual resources is guided for the most part by an examination of nine life spaces, which incorporate life abilities, accounts, recreation activity, relationships, life style, occupation/instruction, wellbeing, inner resources ( qualities, confidences, critical thinking), and recuperation. Meanwhile, the case Manager ought to endeavour to hear the clients goal and desires before they hear proof of his or her past issues, mistakes, or weakness. Co-ordination Coordination in the model means a variety of activities composed through general communication with client (mental health and disability) wherever they may be found to guarantee service needs are met. These incorporate, yet are not restricted to, appraisal and assessment, consistent service arranging and observing. The execution of these capacities ought to be organize. Case in point, the caseworker starts an evaluation of the clients strength, needs and potential answers for the issues. At that point, a care arranges for that addresses the individuals treatment and other asset needs is produced. That implies the caseworker will help facilitate a complete arrangement of a services and casual support for client. Prespective The strength based model is exceptionally realistic for the disabled and mental health needs of a person. Strengthening is a focal topic to this methodology. To engage a person with double issue the assessment must be made and in this manner the achievable objectives will be made alongside the assessment so a very much composed arrangement will be done to accomplish the objectives and the likelihood of the achievement will ideally be high. The patients are helped with restoring a consciousness of internal resources, for example, knowledge, capability and critical thinking capacities ; setting up and arranging lines of operation and correspondence between the patient and outside assets; and supporting with those outer assets keeping in mind the end goal to improve the coherence, accessibility, responsibility and effectiveness of those resources. Summary of Expected Outcome The strength evaluation and plan are being used. It gives data to research, supervision whats more, case load planning goal. The supervisors can look out for the status of individual on their caseload. Those reports likewise demonstrate the measure of work being directed in the different life areas, the recurrence of goal being finished; and the relationship between different patient profiles and their accomplishment in finishing goals. The strength based model model results is that the people with double examination of disability and mental health needs is sufficient and proliferating the disability and mental health can aggregate physically fit to the relationship like the usual people after plentiful brainy boundaries. Also, the being may progress decisive favourable circumstances to a top associated and growth some achievement greater than acclimated being however the disabled and mental health cant be made strides. The people with double investigation of inability and brainy needs can confirmation flourishing rejection casework gave aural the group. The quality based model guidance the alone to go hand in hand with strengthening in their lives. Each alone feels of sufficiency and are arrogant achieved. The advancement and development of imaginative capacities the model empowers people with double examination of disability and mental health to learn. By creating and favourable creative capacities, the quality ba sed growth prototype empowers people with brainy tribulation or dependence on learn, develop, and accumulation certainty. By accumulation candidate capacities of counsel and socialization, this original helps envision of descending into sin of brainy suffering or fixation, expands the proficiency to go hand in hand with the workforce, and keeps up satisfactory predecessors working. Needs assessment and service coordination Needs assessment plans are a important part of the NASC procedure. The aim of a comprehensive needs assessment is to evaluate an individual’s current capabilities, resources, aims and necessity. It is also important that the process find out the needs that are most important to the individuals. The purpose of the assessment process is to evaluate what is essential to increase that client’s ability to taking part as fully as possible in community, whilst considering client’s capabilities, resources, culture, and goal. Also consider client’s family/whÄ nau and support worker, their recreational, social and personal improvement needs; training and education needs; vocational and job requirements. There may be different funding sources for supports within these areas of life, a good assessment is focused on a â€Å"whole-of-life† approach and not simply on those areas of a person’s life that are funded by disability support or DHBs. Assessment It is a procedure that helps individuals distinguishes their inability support requirement. This includes a needs assessor meeting with a client, more often than not in their home, and fulfilment of a support Needs Evaluation Structure. support Evaluation is important on the off chance that you oblige access administration coordination support and there is a need to get to government supported services. The goal of the needs evaluation is to make sense of how to augment your independence so you can partake as completely as could reasonably be expected in the society. A Needs Assessor meets with a man (and their support client) to do need evaluation. The fundamental reason for a needs appraisal is to discover what is expected to help a man be as independence as would be prudent in their home and group. The assessor will request data about what the individual can and cant do what they might want to have the capacity to do, and what help or assets they presently have. The Assessor will likewise get some information about a mans recreational, social and, education, their preparation and instruction needs, employment needs and where proper, the needs of their family/whanau and support worker. Planning After a needs evaluation, an administration organizer meets expectations with the family/whÄ nau to set up a backing plan to meet the organized surveyed needs and goal of the child or youngster and, where fitting, their family/whÄ nau or parental figures. These needs may include: access to a progressive registry on mental health/ community services recognizable proof of current services included in addressing parts of the needs and remaining unmet needs recognizable proof and documentation of activities that are important to address those unmet needs and to accomplish concurred goals at the point when needs cant be met from openly subsidized services, referrals will be made to a scope of group based services as suitable as per the assessment. Co-ordination It is the procedure of selecting and sorting out the service needed to meet the incapacity related needs that were recognized support assessment. This includes the improvement of a support assessment keeping up or advancing customer freedom. Service Coordination includes educating the client of the choices and make an arrangement for service. This incorporates: assistance of access to group of individual support benefits that will empower individuals with dysfunctional behaviours to lead their lives as independently and gainfully as could reasonably be expected improvement of down to earth services and support choices to address distinguished needs using open, private furthermore, will full ministrations prioritization of the needs of the service client and service of the interest for accessible administrations by deciding relative need between those getting to service improvement of an administration or way of life plan the match of accessible asset with necessities, guaranteeing assets are utilized productively service of an assignment for carer help or home based support service, man agement to support service, including facility services. Strength Distinguish the strength of services as underneath: Advanced cooperation and solid working connections Encouraged a customary survey process service for clients in residential (supported convenience) Empowered more noteworthy joint working utilizing extra care Made a solitary purpose of contact Given a positive ordeal to service to clients and their families Worked as a feature of the more extensive multi-disciplinary group There are some its own particular preferences and burdens. The consolidated needs appraisal and service coordination model is thought to furnish a far reaching methodology with a registry of services and alludes and joins the person to those service and alludes and joins the person to those administrations which are chosen. It is proposed that the service which client just needs to manage one individual utilizing this joined model and the NASC pathway is all the more auspicious. Where the needs evaluation and service coordination capacities are independent , it has been recommended that the preferences are a more engaged needs evaluation regularly embraced by a clinician or a prepared needs assessor , and afterward a more noteworthy extent of service are offered by an service coordinator. Weakness The weakness of this model have been proposed as having made additional procedures obliging the needs assessor to hand over the data to the service facilitator. There is the potential for data to be lost. However a few services have proposed that this is a proficient methodology guiding the suitable aptitudes to the parts of the NASC procedure. Perspective The Needs assessment and service Co-appointment group helps individuals to get to service that will keep them living securely for whatever length of time that wish. In some DHBs clinicians lead the needs evaluation. While this gives insight about the needs of the person from the clinical viewpoint, it has been recommended that different points of view need to be added to guarantee a comprehensive needs appraisal is attempted. Different DHBs have cured this by asking clinicians to begin the needs assessment with the clinicians point of view, and afterward including the viewpoints of alternate individuals from the multi-disciplinary group until it is finished. Extended Outcome This model discovered potential open doors for service change initiating with a more understanding comprehension of the advantages of a NASC benefit inside of the service continuum and how NASC can be created to improve administration client results. Actualizing the accompanying suggestions will accomplish this. To comprehend and affirm the NASC model that they have picked. This administration model is fortified the upgrade service client responsiveness and enhance coordinating of requirements and desires to administrations. To stretch out NASC obligations to join access service to Group Bolster work and bundles of consideration. This is a developing part of the service continuum. To perceive the estimation of NASC in prioritization of restricted asset and hence put resources into NASC workforce to meet administration necessities. NASC spending plan holding for parts of service, for example, bundles of consideration is further investigated for usage. To audit forms set up to guarante e administration clients needs that may vary over the long haul are tended to. To work collectively to accomplish consistency in frameworks and procedures inside of the locale including embracing gauges, rules, administration particulars, information gathering and evaluation devices. To affirm the favoured ability blend of their NASC groups and try to create NASC aptitude utilizing enrolment strategy, training programme, and developing continuous network. Comparison between Models The correlations between (a) strength based models and (b) needs assessment and services coordination, are portrayed as takes after. The strength based model works with disabled with adequate quality to accomplish self-change. In any case, if one experiences extreme incapacities, it will be troublesome to locate an extraordinary quality to complete the activity of the strength based model. Because of the impediment of the disabled, their qualities are not ready to be successfully connected and actualized, not to notice the improvement of them. The needs assessment model, then again, concentrates on dealing with the goal gathering however does not give them future self-improvements. It intends to give services and backings to incapacitates however not show them how to build up their own specializations. References Human Services (2002) A Strength-Based Approach to Working with Youth and Families: A Review of Research retrieved from: http://humanservices.ucdavis.edu/academy/pdf/strength_based.pdf

The Conflicting Societies in Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Fl

The Conflicting Societies in Lord of the Flies Throughout the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, many different conflicting societies develop. These groups of young English schoolboys have conflicts between them for many different reasons. Some of them are so spread apart in age that their beliefs and actions are very different. Other groups are conflicting because they have different opinions about who the leader of the entire group should be. The groups also argue about what their priorities should be while trapped on the island. These conflicts continue to grow until the very end, when one group finally gains supremacy. From the very beginning it can be seen that the boys have already begun to divide into two groups. When Ralph calls the first meeting the boys have together by summoning them with a conch shell, he decides they should vote on a leader. A boy named Jack Merridew thinks that he should be the chief because he is "chapter chorister and head boy." (22) Another boy nominates Ralph for leader, because he is the one that called for the meeting. When it comes time to vote, the choir members vote for Jack, while all the other boys vote for Ralph. After he is elected leader, Ralph tells Jack that he is in charge of his choir. Jack tells Ralph that they will be the hunters, and Ralph agrees. This causes the boys to be divided into one group led by Ralph, and the hunting group made up of the choir members, led by Jack Merridew. Being organized and civilized is very important to Ralph. He dec... ...cause a Navy ship spots the fire, and rescues the boys. The novel Lord of the Flies shows how one group, when put under certain circumstances, can be completely transformed. The group starts out as a group of schoolboys who try to work together in order to survive. They try to use the skills they have been taught as civilized human beings to do whatever they can to be rescued. However, things fall apart very quickly. They lose sight of what they are trying to accomplish, and lose hope of being rescued. The evil nature within the boys comes through, taking over their minds. All they can think about now is hunting and killing. Even the most responsible ones are transformed into savages, or they are murdered.

Vertigo Essay -- essays papers

Vertigo The Alfred Hitchcock film; Vertigo is a narrative film that is a perfect example of a Hollywood Classical Film. I will be examining the following characteristics of the film Vertigo: 1)individual characters who act as casual agents, the main characters in Vertigo, 2)desire to reach to goals, 3)conflicts, 4)appointments, 5)deadlines, 6)James Stewart’s focus shifts and 7)Kim Novak’s characters drives the action in the film. Most of the film is viewed in the 3rd person, except for the reaction shots (point of view shot) which are seen through the eyes of the main character.(1st person) The film has a strong closure and uses continuity editing(180 degree rule). The stylistic (technical) film form of Vertigo makes the film much more enjoyable. The stylistic film form includes camera movements, editing, sound, mise-en-scene and props. Vertigo is an Alfred Hitchcock film that was made in 1958. It stars James Stewart as Detective John Ferguson and Kim Novak as Madeleine Ellester and Judy Barden. In Vertigo, John Ferguson has a fear of heights that results in the death of his partner. Due to this situation, he leaves the police force and became a Private Investigator. Ferguson is contact by Gavin Ellester an old college buddy. Gavin asks Ferguson to follow his wife who he believes has gone mad. Gavin believes his wife Madeleine is being possessed by her great grandmother Corlata Valdez. He explains why he has come to this conclusion and fills John Ferguson in on all the details of the case. Mr. Ferguson questions the integrity of the story, but still accepts the case. When he starts to spy on Madeleine, he begins to notice changes in her personality and similarities to Corlata Valdez's past. One day when John Ferguson was following Madeleine, he saw her jump into San Francisco Bay. After he rescued her, he brought her back to his house and cared for her. Afterwards he and Madeleine started to spend time together. They began to fall in love and Madeleine became more insane. She started to see images from Corlata's past. Madeleine started to live the life of Corlata Valdez and had visions from her life. One day John and Madeleine went to an old Spanish missionary outside San Francisco, which Madeleine had seen in one of her images. When they arrived at their destination Madeleine began to remember things from Corlata's early life and became hyster... ... the mise-en-scene are the from the beginning of the film. Throughout the film I was aware of the locations. The San Francisco setting was presented to the viewer in the beginning and that made the audience more aware of the film's environment. The monastery and other locations of Corlata's past gave me a better understanding of Madeleine’s problem. The make-up and costume play an important part in the recreation scenes, while the props assisted the audience and John Ferguson in piecing the puzzle together and figuring out Gain’s plan. The lighting enhanced many scenes in the film. The parts that impressed me were the following: the recreation of Madeleine scene, John's dream sequence, the monastery scenes, Judy's guilt trip and the scenes involving John's fear of heights. In conclusion, all these factors made Vertigo a great film and made it much more enjoyable for the audience. All the Hollywood Classical Film characteristics that are used in the film enhance the power of Vertigo. Everyone should see Vertigo, since it is a perfect example of a Hollywood Classical Film. In my opinion Alfred Hitchcock was a genius and Vertigo is one of the greatest Hollywood films ever created.

Religious Freedom Restoration Act :: essays research papers

Religious Freedom Restoration Act In this paper I will describe the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. This Act was used to contradict the decision of the court case of Employment Division v. Smith, which allowed the government to forbid any religious act without giving a reason. The RFRA brought back the requirement that the government provide an adequate reason to forbid any religious act. The government once again had to show that the act was of compelling interest against the state. In 1993 one of the most important acts that has gone thorough Congress was passed (Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA). This was the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993 (Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA). This act was passed to answer the 1990 court case Employment Division v. Smith (Questions and Answers, Map of the RFRA). Employment Division v. Smith was a court case in which the issue was whether â€Å"Sacramental use of peyote by members of the Native American Church was protected under the free exercise clause of the First Amendment, which provides that ‘Congress shall make no law...prohibiting the free exercise of religion'.†(Questions and Answers, Map of the RFRA). According to Justice Scalia, â€Å"if prohibiting the exercise of religion was merely the incidental effect of a generally applicable and otherwise valid provision, the First Amendment was not offended.† (Questions and Answers, Map of the RFRA). Thus, "...the government no longer had to justify most burdens on religious exercise. The free exercise clause offered protection only if a particular religious practice was singled out for discriminatory treatment. In short, free exercise was a sub category of equal protection. This placed religious rights in an inferior position to other First Amendment rights such as freedom of speech and press." (Questions and Answers, Map of the RFRA). This court case caused a series of court cases about religious freedoms (Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA). Congress enacted the RFRA to contradict the negative affect that court cases had recently had on religious freedoms(Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA). The RFRA is what it states it is in the title, a restoration act(Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA). Congress decided that in Employment Division v. Smith, "the supreme court virtually eliminated the requirement that the government justify burdens on religious exercise imposed by laws neutral toward religion and the compelling interest test as set forth in prior Federal court rulings is a workable test for striking sensible balances between religious liberty and competing prior governmental interests."(Religious Freedom, Map of the RFRA) In other words, the government did not have to have a reason to impose laws

Punishment Research Paper

In this paper I will be discussing the effects of four justifications which include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection. I will be showing you the relation to these types of justifications to today’s American society. I will be discussing which type of punishment deters crime most effectively. I will be discussing if the consequences of punishment provide many benefits for crime and society. When it comes to the perception of punishment it involves the state to inflict damage on criminal offenders.However that main question is whether or not punishment should be destructive but whether the presumption of punishment makes sense (Golash 2005). Retributive punishment states that offenders who commit a crime deserve some type of punishment. Validation is resulting from the wrongfully of the crime devoted by the offenders. The punishment that is the deliberate and necessary cause of harm works to terminate the crime (Golash 2005). Punishment is only measu red for the wrongfully of the act, not to prevent future unlawful activity.It is believed by Golash that punishment is used to justify victims (Golash 2005). Punishment is a symbolic termination giving attention to the public that a specific crime was immoral rather than a particular termination of the criminal act. Punishment is believed to be an illustration of vindicated anger by the victim’s because of the breach of trust commanded by society (Golash 2005). Those who profit from the law have approval to punishment according to the law it is a social dissimilarity among society and its members.As of this social dissimilarity, it would be unjust to allow specific citizens to profit from society without restrictive their own bad desires (Golash 2005). Retributive punishment does not invalidate the crime except the will of offenders that are offenders will be free lacking self-control and consequently punishment direct the will of offenders toward unlawful activity (Golash 20 05). In other words, the victims are never fully return to the position they were prior to the criminal act. The conclusion is that a victim has no right apart from their own right to vindicate the offender’s illegal behavior to them (Golash 2005).Criminal wrongs cannot be undone, and doing additional harm to an offender only compounds certain social ills that may be highly correlated with the offender’s need for criminal fulfillment. Punishment is not the only alternative to handle criminals (Golash 2005). Retribution demands a consequence, but that consequence does not necessarily implicate punishment (Golash 2005). In the end if the system demands punishment for those who deserve then why those who are are deserve good not receiving good.Retribution is also known as the moral vengeance to satisfy a society to make the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused (Golash 2005). This type of justification for punishment is the oldest of the four different types of punishment (Golash 2005). This type of punishment was designed to satisfy the people’s need for a type of closure that satisfied the moral of society (Golash 2005). In principal punishment should be equal in severity to the deviance itself. It all comes down to equal justice and eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.The second of the four justifications for punishment is deterrence. Deterrence is the attempt to discourage crime by punishment (Britannica 2012). This idea came about during the eighteenth century. Deterrence is a type of punishment that relies upon examples of punishment made known to everyone ahead of the times before they choose to do an unlawful activity (Britannica 2012). This concept is based on idea that citizens will not break the law if they think that the pain of the punishment will outweigh the pleasure of the crime.Deterrence theory has established difficult to validate however largely because the presence of many intervening factors makes it difficu lt to prove unequivocally that a certain penalty has prevented someone from committing a given crime(Britannica 2012) There have been a few examples where some sentences can have a strong deterrent effect. For example laws that are designed to prevent driving under the influence of alcohol and setting a maximum legal limit of blood alcohol levels can have a temporary deterrent effect on a wide population especially when coupled with mandatory penalties and a high probability of conviction (Britannica 2012).There is another form of deterrent that is called denunciation which utilizes public condemnation as a form of community moral education (Britannica 2012). In this approach a person found guilty of a crime is denounced that is subjected to shame and public criticism (Britannica 2012). Its objective is to reinforce their rejection of law-breaking behavior. General deterrence through fear is aimed at those who avoid law-breaking behaviors not on moral grounds but on the basis of a c alculation of the potential rewards and penalties involved (Britannica 2012).This type of punishment is much informal and rationale. Theoretically the effectiveness of individual deterrence can be measured by examining the subsequent conduct of the offender (Britannica 2012). Theories of deterrence and retribution share the same idea that punishment should be proportionate to the gravity of the crime, a principal of practical importance (Britannica 2012). If all punishment were the same there would be no incentive to commit lesser rather than the greater offense. Rehabilitation is a more permanent fix in deterring crime (Larrabee 2006).Rehabilitation through community supervision can have a more lasting effect on individuals and deter them from committing future crime if they learn how to adapt in society by gaining academic or trade skills (Larrabee 2006). These programs can help offenders find employment and secure an important role in the community and give them them a sense of b eing. Therapy is another form of rehabilitation needed to help deter individuals from committing future crime (Larrabee 2006). Rehabilitation is based on creating a change in criminal’s attitudes or resources so that crime is neither a desired nor necessary activity (Larrabee 2006).Some punishment includes work to reform and rehabilitate the wrongdoer so that they will not commit the offence again. This is distinguished from deterrence, in that the goal here is to change the offender's attitude to what they have done, and make them come to see that their behavior was wrong (Larrabee 2006). Form of rehabilitation through community supervision may also benefit a victim or their families such programs and have high hopes of deterring individuals from committing such acts (Larrabee 2006).By allowing criminals to be rehabilitated instead of incarceration it helps to eliminate problems that inmates experience once released from prison. Allowing someone to probation instead of jail time allows families to stay together. When people are incarcerated it causes families to go from two parents to a one parent family, causing hardship, stress, and problems in the family structure. This program was designed to reform the offender to prevent later offenses (Larrabee 2006).This idea rose among social sciences in the nineteenth century that proved to be an effective solution. If you can control the environment that criminal or lawbreaker of some sort lives in, you can deviate from their normal society (Larrabee 2006). Reformatories or houses of correction provided setting where people could learn the proper behavior. One example of rehabilitation is when someone is caught and arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol they are sentence to attend Alcoholic Anonymous meetings rather than jail time (Larrabee 2006).Once they have completed the rehabilitation through the proper reformatory chosen for them they can choose to stay on the same path of freedom contribu ting to society or go back to their old habits (Larrabee 2006). Rehabilitation is the most forgiving and positive punishment of the four justifications discussed because it promises the offender a second chance at life (Larrabee 2006). Unlike retribution, which demands that the punishment fit the crime, rehabilitation tailors treatment to each offender. The final option for a justification for punishment is the term societal protection.This favors the society by rendering the offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution (Stephens 1990). This option of punishment differs from rehabilitation in that no special treatment is given to the offender in hopes to change him. His surrounding is a set area in a cell or execution chamber that many have used before him which protects society (Stephens 1990). This method can help be helpful to the offender giving the offender a chance to reform and a promised second chance.The United States c urrently incarcerates close to 2. 2 million offenders in jail. As â€Å"in the Times explains, the crime rate has gone down in recent years, but the number of offenders locked up across the country has gone up, tripling since 1980 (Stephens 1990). This type of punishment does what is necessary to protect society as a whole from the criminal. This could mean death, or complete removal from society (Stephens 1990). So the question is which one of these deters crime the most efficiently in today’s society.With the different views available as well as my personal views, it is difficult to choose just one type of punishment as the most effective method of determent. I can say however, that I would like to see Rehabilitation efforts made more widely available for Juvenile Offenders as I feel that this will enable them to have a much better grasp on what life is as well as allowing them to change their lives positively. While for adult offenders (serious crimes), I would not mind s eeing harsher penalties in many cases.Certain punishments are more effective on certain crimes. And certain punishments are more effective on certain people (Black 1998). Some criminals should be punished to remove their incentive for committing crimes. But there are some criminals who just need to be removed from society to prevent them from preying upon society (Black 1998). Obviously for lesser crimes, lesser punishments should be delivered. Punishments (if at all possible) should reflect the crime committed — such as scrubbing walls for â€Å"graffiti artists†, picking up trash for litterers, etc.Not enough of this is done. Punishments should not punish society if alternatives are available (Black 1998). Jailing everyone (as is now practiced extensively in the U. S. A. ) also punishes society — tax money is used. Whippings and public service are excellent punishments and (at least whippings) are not practiced in the U. S. A (Black 1998). But where they are p racticed, crime is lower. These forms of punishment also do not cost the taxpayers a lot of money. For most criminals, the threat of â€Å"adequate† punishment will deter them. Adequate† does not include sitting on one's bum all day with free meals and a warm place to sleep — not to mention watching television and playing video games (or whatever else jails provide these days) . But then, on the other side of this argument is the fact that far too many people are made criminals for things which should not be a crime. I once heard of a woman being jailed for overdue library books — beyond absurd (Black 1998). And, at least in one municipality, they wanted to make jay walking a jail able offence — again way beyond absurd.Real criminals belong in the jail not jaywalkers, people who get into fights, marijuana smokers, etc. Do punishments for murderers and rapists and the like provide any benefits for the criminals and society? Absolutely it does. It kee ps violent criminals off the streets. Does it provide benefits for those convicted of drug crimes? While they're in prison, they've got a roof over their heads, food, and other things. Don't get me wrong: people are treated like animals in prisons. But if you come from violent, hard knock surroundings anyhow, I dunno†¦ maybe in some cases.Does sticking people in prisons who are convicted of drug crimes provide benefits to society? It gets drug users and small time dealers off the streets, but we have to pay for their food, clothing, and housing for 15+ years. My personal opinion: When even hard drugs like coke and heroin are cheaper than most medicines, then maybe our definition of â€Å"criminal† needs a harder look. In conclusion the four types of justification for punishment including retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and societal protection are all effective ways our society deals with lawbreakers.Each of these justifications is an attempt to protect society b y ensuring proper punishment is carried out. Since crime has statistically dropped in the past 20 years we can conclude that our justice system has a positive effect on crime REFERENCES Stephens (1990) High-tech crime fighting Futurist, Jul/Aug90, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p20-20, 6p, 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Illustrations received on October 28, 2012 Black (1998) Do Right-to-Carry Laws Deter Violent Crime? Journal of Legal Studies, January 1998, v. 27, iss. 1, pp. 209-19 received on October 28, 2012 Larrabee (2006) Punishment vs.Rehabilitation in the criminal justice system received on October 27, 2012 from http://voices. yahoo. com/punishment-vs-rehabilitation-criminal-justice-119962. html? cat=17 Britannica(2012) General Deterrence received on October 27, 2012 from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/483544/punishment/272339/General-deterrence# Golash (2005) The case against punishment: Retribution, crime prevention and the Law New York: New York University Press, 2005. 24 0pp. Vol. 15 No. 3 (March 2005), pp. 234-237 received on October 26, 2012 from http://www. bsos. umd. edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/golash305. htm

Cadbury channels Essay

1. Claremont Tasmania – At this site Cadbury manufacture boxed chocolate assortments, moulded chocolate blocks, chocolate confectionery bars and food drinks for the retail and industrial markets. 2. Ringwood Victoria – At this site Cadbury manufacture confectionery bars and bar pieces, filled and hollow chocolate novelty units for children and the Easter and Christmas events as well as a range of industrial chocolates and compounded chocolate. 3. Scoresby Victoria – At this site Cadbury manufacture a range of sugar and caramel based confectionery and licorice product for both the retail trade and industrial customer.  ¡ The Cadbury brand has also been licensed to other selected food manufacturers who produce and distribute their range of Cadbury products, notably ice cream. These licencees are responsible for their own Covenant Action Plans.  ¡ Cadbury does not sell their goods directly to the final user; between them  stands a set of intermediaries performing a variety of functions  ¡ Service establishments in particular supermarkets, convenience stores, deli’s, petrol stations etc are highly involved marketing and distribution channels as this is where the target market exists. With these establishments, Cadbury products are made widely available and accessible to the main target markets  ¡ Marketing channel performs the work of moving goods of producers to consumers (see figure)  ¡ A manufacturer selling a physical product and services might require three channels: sales, delivery and service  ¡ Cadbury use Sales Managers and Reps as sales channels, telephone, email and face to face as delivery channels and again Reps and Merchandisers for the setting up and display of products and promotions as service channels (with regards to the supermarkets)  ¡ Wholesalers are a vital part of the supply chain for independent outlets and eventually the consumer.  ¡ Cadbury uses intensive distribution method, as it attempts to place its products in as many establishments as possible. Factors that influence the design and management of marketing channels  ¡ Consumers are motivated by the presence of brands, they expect to see them and want to buy them  ¡ Cadbury products are primarily available in supermarkets and convenience stores and display remains one of the key areas for development not only within these to channels, but also independent retail  ¡ Confectionery requires a great deal of consideration when optimising  displays so Cadbury has created the ‘Go Another Cadbury’ bespoke display solution to address merchandising opportunities in the impulse trade channel.  ¡ Cadbury studies, in recent years, show that the confectionery industry has shown the effects of an increasing move by consumers towards convenience shopping  ¡ Convenience shopping is being able to convert customer footfall into purchases. This can be achieved by ensuring confectionery is placed in high traffic flow locations, combined with displaying with other products, such as newspapers and magazines in addition to hot-spots at the till point  ¡ Displays which have impact supported by effective point of sale and clear signage all influence impulse buys  ¡ Within the convenience channel, forecourts play an important role and Cadbury confectionery continues to be a valuable category  ¡ With the advent now of Cadbury vending, innovation is now at the forefront of its business drive and is directly working with machine manufacturers to create new vending options  ¡ The development of multi-channel machines has provided vending operators (pubs, TAB’s, Universities etc) to take advantage of the growing need for snacking solutions  ¡ The latest Cadbury automates machines can sell confectionery, salty snack and chilled drinks, making them ideal for almost every foodservice environment Channel conflict and how it can be resolved  ¡ Cadbury could be affected by vertical channel conflict and horizontal channel conflict  ¡ Vertical channel conflict arises when a disagreement occurs between different levels within the same channel. For example, this could arise if Cadbury came into conflict with its retailers, who agree to sell just Cadbury products, but in fact are also selling rival competitors products  ¡ Horizontal channel conflict involves conflict between members at the same level within the channel. For instance, this may occur when separate petrol stations sell Cadbury products at different price, benefiting one above the other  ¡ Channel conflict can be constructive but too much is dysfunctional  ¡ The challenge is not to eliminate conflict but manage it  ¡ The adoption of superordinate goals (come to an agreement), exchange persons between to more channel levels (appreciate other’s point of view), or co-optation (win support of the leader of another organisation) are ways of effective conflict management What role the Internet can play in helping to fulfil marketing channel requirements  ¡ Cadbury uses direct marketing channels as well as one-level channels and two-level channels  ¡ Their official website informs buyers about all of Cadbury’s products and services including information about products, recipes, health and nutrition, sponsorship, fundraising etc.  ¡ It can also provide a way for retailers and Cadbury to communicate with each other through email about future orders, upcoming promotions and any other relevant information  ¡ Cadbury uses the internet as a service and information channel, which allows it to describe the products in detail with the use of visual aids and  creating an effective communication channel in reaching its customers What role does relationship marketing plan in the Cadbury’s channel management  ¡ Company-client relationships is imperative with respect to product range, store locations of products and display space  ¡ Via the internet website, customers loyal to Cadbury can register and participate in games, downloads, design your own product, interact with Freddo, Caramello and yowie (targeted more for children), lodge customer complaints and also express interest for employment.  ¡ Through newsletters, public relations and sponsorship, which go along way in satisfying customers, Cadbury can continue to inform customers about their products together with upholding their tradition of making quality products

Driving Teachers Crazy Essay

Teaching is not just earning a buck, it’s a snap. At the beginning of a new school year with high school sophomores, Mr. Finn is working at his desk wondering what the first period is going to be like. While waiting for the bell to ring, most students stand in clusters talking quietly but a few the knock- upstairs are rather loud and boisterous around the room causing a commotion with every group they pass. Not wanting to be overly negative on the first day, Mr. Finn says nothing. By the time the bell rings most of the class has become loud and boisterous. Although, teaching is a snap. Some students make it rather difficulty. When he realizes that his class is going to be immature, he will need to learn self-discipline. He remembers the classroom management suggestion he learned in college. â€Å"Don’t simile until Christmas and be tough on the first day†. Therefore, he commands everyone to sit and get the class started. From the time of role call to the time Mr. Finn is passing out textbooks, and then thought the introductory lesson, several students are loud and sometimes obnoxious, others to the other side of the room are murmuring, swearing and don’t forget the corners someone is snoring. He tells the students to be quieter, but they don’t listen. By the end of the first period he wonders whether his going into teaching might have been a mistake. He wanted to teach and help young learn, but certainly lost he thinks, when you spend your whole day disciplining students rather than teaching them. As routine as it may sound, this is the experience that I go through everyday. Having twenty students a day that are as loud as action is never pleasant. By the time I get home I head to the fridge to get chocolate ice cream not just because I need it, but also because want it. Noise distracts other slow learners as well as teachers. It maybe that this student needs to be noticed and recognized. I have a friend who always shouts to be noticed, being loud seem to enhance her personality, and sometimes to appear tough. It is so irritating when you are reading and  someone shouts loudly keeping you off track. This student need to encouraged repeatedly, she requires redirection and always told to demonstrate mature behavior. Secondly, name-calling is also a common occurrence and very nefarious. It bothers me when a student calls someone a name just to be noticed or for attention. Although there are key problems that lead to this behavior there are key issues behind the scenes. One key major aspect is sexuality, a student may feel that he/she is an outcast or cannot make friends. He/she attracts attention from peers through name-calling. Some classmates are also amused by this behavior – as long as it’s directed toward someone else. Sometimes, a student may have a need for food and drink, and may be covering this need by name-calling. A teacher has to recognize why the student is presenting this behavior in order to be of help. There are things that can be done by the student. A close relationship with someone may reduce this student’s need to call others names. Another irritating behavior is making fun of other’s weakness. People need to belong and respected no matter what their weakness, if this is taken advantage of they might be hurt or discouraged. Last year, I had a friend in my health class, he had a domestic problem and that his parents were divorced. Now that he lived with his mother who couldn’t support him in any way, he thought he could the world it all belonged to him. This friend of mine was real dumb and ill tempered, even though you greeted he thought that he was being insulted. He also had problem with English since his home language is â€Å"French† sometimes he would pronounce words with an accent for example â€Å"wit† instead of â€Å"with†, other students thought that this was weird or even fun and they always made fun of him they even nick-named him â€Å"wit†. As time went by, he suddenly stopped talking. Early in the morning he could sit by the corner and sleep. There are students like my friend who have different weaknesses, it doesn’t mean that they are different although they seem that way. A teacher can help these kids by getting a translator or after school tutoring. A teacher may all own the class to establish rules regarding this behavior. Our goal is to make † making fun of other’s weaknesses† socially unacceptable. School time dozing is another major problem in history of the classroom. In the middle of a discussion, a teacher unexpectedly stops speaking. Everyone stops speaking, nothing is heard except a faint sound from somewhere in the corner. Noise that sound like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.snoring? Suddenly with a loud thwack! The teacher claps a book shut and the snoring culprit is jarred from his sleep, lifting his head up with blear- eyes all ashamed! You would think times have changed. Falling to sleep among today’s teenagers is a common occurrence. Why do the sleep in class? An obvious reason is lack of sleep. IT bugs me when someone is snoring and I am studying or typing. I remember last yeast in my keyboarding class a boy who sat adjacent to me. He slept and snored real loud, that the ceiling could tremble. I could hardly contrite and since this was a keyboarding class that never cared much the rule was â€Å"Do all you can but turn in work on time†. The only possible cure to school time dozing is personating time for activities as well as schoolwork. I conclusion, being a teacher can be tiresome. No matter how routine the day, still teachers get away with it. Teaching is supposed to be a snap as you lock the door, driving by the countryside sing † I t was horrible, but I managed†. Although you spend all day disciplining instead of teaching them.